Author ORCID Identifier

 https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7660-9619

Document Type

Dissertation

Date of Award

2026

Degree Name

Doctor of Education (EdD)

Department

Education

Additional Department

Curriculum & Instruction

First Advisor

John M Williams

Abstract

With evolving workforce needs, global challenges, and national science education initiatives calling for STEM instruction with purposeful connections between the four domains, there is a need for methods to support educators facing the challenges this pedagogical approach presents. Challenges may weaken teachers' self-efficacy, potentially reducing the probability that an integrated STEM (I-STEM) pedagogy would be sustained in the classroom. There is limited research addressing how generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has been used for I-STEM lesson development, combined with its effects on I-STEM teaching self-efficacy (SE) grounded in social cognitive theory. This study investigated how GAI influences I-STEM teaching SE, when used as a collaborative tool to create I-STEM lessons. A self-reported, retrospective survey assessed personal, material, and social factors related to I-STEM teaching SE after an intervention consisting of instruction on GAI prompting and the I-STEM framework, culminating in participants completing an I-STEM lesson. Possible influences of prior experiences on SE factors were investigated using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a Welch’s independent samples t-test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient to analyze changes in I-STEM teaching SE retrospectively. Results indicated significant positive changes in personal, material, and social SE soon after completing the intervention. No significant correlations were found between participant-reported previous use of GAI for lesson planning, knowledge level of I-STEM, previous use of GAI for educational purposes, or STEM content coursework on changes in SE factors. These findings suggest that a self-directed intervention integrating GAI within an I-STEM framework instructional sequence may increase elementary preservice teachers’ personal, material, and social SE shortly after the intervention and potentially sustain I-STEM instruction in the classroom. Results indicate professional development or coursework could be designed to help preservice teachers build confidence and SE for sustained meaningful I-STEM implementation. Levels of I-STEM pedagogical knowledge and more specific prior uses of GAI could be assessed prior to the intervention. Further research should also explore a controlled design with and without GAI, interwoven into I-STEM lesson development intervention as well as analyzing the I-STEM lessons for coherence and scientific accuracy, and expanding the scope of participants to secondary preservice and elementary and secondary in-service educators.

Subject Categories

Education

Keywords

Generative Artificial Intelligence, integrated STEM, Self-efficacy, STEM

Number of Pages

194

Publisher

University of South Dakota

Included in

Education Commons

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