Document Type

Dissertation

Date of Award

2024

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Political Science

First Advisor

Richard Braunstein

Abstract

This dissertation focuses on representative bureaucracy as it applies to the administration of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and experienced by Lakota people within two Indian reservation communities. There is limited research on the theory and practice of representative bureaucracy within the context of BIA services. This qualitative study rests on the assumption that representative bureaucracy would lead to positive policy outcomes for Indian people. This research focuses on three specific areas of representative bureaucracy: passive, symbolic, and active representation. This phenomenological research takes as given the centrality of a Lakota epistemology: the beliefs, values and practices embodied in that worldview. Findings from this research indicate that the BIA, to a very minimal degree, models a representative bureaucracy. In terms of passive representation, even though over ninety-five percent (95%) of BIA workers are Native American and look like the people they serve, this research indicated the Lakota people did not view the BIA as mirroring themselves. Responses for both active and symbolic representation were also low. The findings indicate that from the perspective of these Lakota there are important cultural values that are not addressed in the current representative bureaucracy framework. The study calls for the need to consider indigenous epistemologies when exploring further theoretical and practical study of representative bureaucracy within federal programs for Native Americans.

Subject Categories

Public Administration | Public Policy

Keywords

BIA, bureaucracy, lakota communities

Number of Pages

161

Publisher

University of South Dakota

Available for download on Thursday, September 03, 2026

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